RONTGEN, Wilhelm. Heinrich Hertz.
RONTGEN, Wilhelm. "Neue Versuche über die Absorption von Wärme durch Wasserdampf" (in two parts). AND WITH: Heinrich Hertz, "Uber die Beziehungen zwischen den Maxwellschen electrodynamischen Grundgleichungen und den Grundgleichungen der gegnerischen Electrodynamik" in Annalen der Physik, 1884; Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1884. Third series, volume. 23. viii, 696 pp. Plus 8 folding plates. The full volume is offered here, completely and beautifully rebound in decorated paper covered boards, with a hand-lettered paper spine label, all of which has been antiqued so that the volumes look as if they're in a contemporary binding. FINE copy. [++] The Rontgen paperon the heat absorption in vapor--appears on pp. 1-40 and 259-298, plus two folding plates; the Hertz paper appears on pp. 84-103. "Having constructed a very sensitive air thermometer, he [Rontgen] was able to measure the absorption of heat in water vapor, and his flair for experiment was also shown by his work on the compressibility of liquids and solids."--Complete DSB online [++] The Hertz paper is a significant contribution where he gives proofs of Maxwell's fundamental equations. "In 1884, at Kiel, Hertz had already carried out a study of Maxwells theory. It was a theoretical response to Helmholtz general problem of deciding between rival electrodynamic theories. Whereas Helmholtz had shown that the experimental decision lay with unclosed currents, Hertz showed that a theoretical decision could be made on the basis of predictions for closed currents. Hertz proved that Maxwells equations were compatible with the physical assumptions shared by all electrodynamic theories and that the equations of the contending theories were not. He concluded that if the choice lay solely between Maxwells equations and the equations of the other type of theory, then Maxwells were clearly preferable; he did not, however, endorse Maxwells physical interpretation of his equations, in particular Maxwells denial of action at a distance. Indeed when Hertz returned to Maxwells theory in Karlsruhe, he did so within the action-at-a-distance framework of Helmholtz general theory of 1870. With it he felt more at home, less committed to unproved hypotheses than with Maxwells theory."--Complete DSB online. [++] "This paper of Hertz [is of] pivotal importance in Hertz's development as a physicist. It marks the beginning of Hertz's conversion to Maxwell's ideas, and forms the basis fir all his future contributions, both theoretical and experimental, to electromagnetism. D'Agostino (1975) was the first to point out thee importance of this paper in the development of Hertz's ideas."--Joseph Mulligan, "Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, 1857-1894, a Collection of Articles and Addresses", Routledge, 1994, p 127. See also Buchwald, 1990, pp 286-303.
Rontgen and Hertz.
Rontgen and Hertz. RONTGEN, Wilhelm. "Neue Versuche über die Absorption von Wärme durch Wasserdampf" (in two parts) AND WITH: Heinrich Hertz, "Uber die Beziehungen zwischen den Maxwellschen electrodynamischen Grundgleichungen und den Grundgleichungen der gegnerischen Electrodynamik" in Annalen der Physik, 1884; Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1884. Third series, volume. 23. viii, 696 pp. Plus 8 folding plates. The full volume is offered here, completely and beautifully rebound in decorated paper covered boards, with a hand-lettered paper spine label, all of which has been antiqued so that the volumes look as if they're in a contemporary binding. FINE copy. [++] The Rontgen paperon the heat absorption in vapor--appears on pp. 1-40 and 259-298, plus two folding plates; the Hertz paper appears on pp. 84-103. "Having constructed a very sensitive air thermometer, he was able to measure the absorption of heat in water vapor, and his flair for experiment was also shown by his work on the compressibility of liquids and solids."--Complete DSB online [++] The Hertz paper is a significant contribution where he gives proofs of Maxwell's fundamental equations. "In 1884, at Kiel, Hertz had already carried out a study of Maxwells theory. It was a theoretical response to Helmholtz general problem of deciding between rival electrodynamic theories. Whereas Helmholtz had shown that the experimental decision lay with unclosed currents, Hertz showed that a theoretical decision could be made on the basis of predictions for closed currents. Hertz proved that Maxwells equations were compatible with the physical assumptions shared by all electrodynamic theories and that the equations of the contending theories were not. He concluded that if the choice lay solely between Maxwells equations and the equations of the other type of theory, then Maxwells were clearly preferable; he did not, however, endorse Maxwells physical interpretation of his equations, in particular Maxwells denial of action at a distance. Indeed when Hertz returned to Maxwells theory in Karlsruhe, he did so within the action-at-a-distance framework of Helmholtz general theory of 1870. With it he felt more at home, less committed to unproved hypotheses than with Maxwells theory."--Complete DSB online. [++] The Hertz paper ["On the Relations between Maxwell's Fundamental Electromagnetic Equations and the Fundamental Equations of the Opposing Electromagnetics"] is of great importance to his development as a physicist. "This paper of Hertz [is of] pivotal importance in Hertz's development as a physicist. It marks the beginning of Hertz's conversion to Maxwell's ideas, and forms the basis fir all his future contributions, both theoretical and experimental, to electromagnetism. D'Agostino (1975) was the first to point out thee importance of this paper in the development of Hertz's ideas."--Joseph Mulligan, "Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, 1857-1894, a Collection of Articles and Addresses", Routledge, 1994, p 127. See also Buchwald, 1990, pp 286-303.
[Goldstein, Boltzmann, Bunsen, Hertz, Kirchhoff, Kohlrausch, Quincke, Lummer, Chistiansen, Natanson, and many others.]
[Goldstein, Boltzmann, Bunsen, Hertz, Kirchhoff, Kohlrausch, Quincke, Lummer, Chistiansen, Natanson, and many others.] E. Goldstein, "Ueber electrische Leitung im Vacuum" and H. Hertz, "Ueber die Dimensionen des magnetischen Pols in verschiedenen Maasssystemen" in "Annalen der Physik", Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1885, vol 24, pp vii,680, 12 folding plates, with the Goldstein on pp79-82 and the Hertz on pp 114-119. Cloth-backed Nice copy. [++] Ex-libris from a library in Brussels, with several 19th century rubber stamps on the title page (though there are no external markings). Very well bound, with reinforced hingers. VG copy. [++] This volume also includes significant papers by these luminaries: R. W. Bunsen, "Ueber capillare Gasabsorption", pp321-347; Ludwig Boltzmann,"Ueber die Möglichkeit der Begründung einer kinetischen Gastheorie auf anziehende Kräfte allein"; H. Hertz, "Ueber die Dimensionen des magnetischen Pols in verschiedenen Maasssystemen"; G. Kirchhoff, "Ueber die Formänderung, die ein fester elastischer Körper erfährt, wenn er magnetisch oder diëlectrisch polarisirt wird"; E. Goldstein, "Ueber electrische Leitung im Vacuum"; Friedrich Kohlrausch; "Die electrische Leitungsfähigkeit des im Vacuum destillirten Wassers"; and many others. On the Boltzmann paper, see Jed Buchwald, "History of the Electron, Birth of Microphysics", MIT, 2001. In 1886 Eugen Goldstein (who in 1876 coined the term "cathode rays" to describe the light emitted when electric current was forced through a vacuum tube and who in this year 1886 first detected the proton) ".noted that cathode-ray tubes with a perforated cathode emit a glow from the end of the tube near the cathode. Goldstein concluded that in addition to the electrons, or cathode rays, that travel from the negatively charged cathode toward the positively charged anode, there is another ray that travels in the opposite direction, from the anode toward the cathode. Because these rays pass through the holes, or channels, in the cathode, Goldstein called them canal rays."--Chemistry/Purdue site. In this paper Goldstein determines that temperature affects the flow of electrons in a cathode ray tube. [++]"While experimenting with cathode ray tubes, German physicist Eugen Goldstein (18501930) found that temperature affected the flow of cathode rays, and published his results in [the paper offered here].--History of Physics, the Wenner Collection.
Johann Wilhelm HITTORF. Clausius, Christiansen, Planck. Kirchhoff, and others.
Johann Wilhelm HITTORF, "Uber die Electricitatsleitung der Gase," pp 90-139. AND: CHRISTIANSEN, Christian (1843-1917) "Uber die Emission der Warme von unebenen Oberflachen" pp 364-369; Johann Wilhelm Hittorf "Uber die Electricitatsleitung der Gase," pp 90-139. Both (and others) in the Annalen der Physik und Chemie, Neue Folge, vol XXI, 1884, offered in the entire volume viii, 712pp. [++] Cloth-backed marbled boards, with a hand-lettered paper spine label. Ex-libris from a library in Brussels, with several 19th century rubber stamps on the title page (though there are no external markings). Very well bound, with reinforced hingers. VG copy. [++] Also in this volume: Rudolf Clausius, "Zur Theorie der Kraftubertragung durch dynamoelectrische Maschinen," (pp 385-401); Max Planck, "Zur Theorie der Flussigkeitsstrahlen," (pp 499-509); Gustav Robert Kirchhoff , "Zur Theorie der Diffusion von Gasen durch eine porose Wand," (pp 563-576), and others. [++] After Faradays experimental investigations in 1834, it was accepted that the electricity passing through an electrolytic cell was carried by the movement of charged ions produced from the decomposition of the compounds making up the solution. Daniell had extended these ideas in 1839 and showed that salts were compounds not of acid anhydrides and metallic oxides as had been thought, but of metallic cations and elemental or compound acid anions. Believing that the conductivity of solutions was due to these ions, he bagan a study of their transference. In 1853 Hittorf took up the problem. He extended the ideas of Daniell by reasoning in the following manner: Cations and anions exist in solutions and migrate under the influence of current through the solution. The migration of the cation toward the cathode and away from the anode, and the deposition of the anion on the positive electrode, together result in a decrease of the salt in the neighborhood of the anode. A similar analysis shows that there is also a decrease in the concentration of the salt in the neighborhood of the cathode. If the motion of the two dissimilar ions were the same, the decrease in the concentration of the salt would be the same at the two electrodes. Hittorf developed an experimental technique which allowed him to measure the changes in concentration at the two electrodes and found that they were not the same. He concluded that the speeds of migration of the cation and the anion were different and he characterized this fact by defining transport numbers, which specified the portion of the transport of electricity carried by each ion."--Complete DSB online. [++]
CAGNIARD-LATOUR, Charles. // Yeast is organic.
CAGNIARD-LATOUR, Charles (1777-1859)."Mémoire sur la fermentation vineuse," in: "Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences", Paris, Bachelier, 1837, vol IV, No 24, pp. 897-916 in the full weekly issue with the Caginard-Latour paper on pg 905-906. This is the full weekly issue extracted from a larger bound volume. Very crisp and fresh. [++] "French Baron who studied the granules which compose yeast using a microscope. He discovered that the yeast has a globular form and, when he observed it budding, concluded that it was probably organic. In "Mémoir sur la fermentation vineuse," he argued that fermentation resulted from organic activity of yeast, with oxygen necessary to start the process which then could continue anaerobically. Cagniard-Latour's investigation of the activity of yeast and observation that different yeasts produced different alcohols provided an inkling of the germ theory to be developed by Pasteur. Latour's views on fermentation were mercilessly ridiculed by Justus von Liebig and Wöhler, despite the fact that they were later confirmed to be correct.--Wolfram
CAGNIARD-LATOUR, Charles. // Yeast is organic.
CAGNIARD-LATOUR, Charles (1777-1859)."Mémoire sur la fermentation vineuse," in: "Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences", Paris, Bachelier, 1837, vol IV, No 24, pp. 897-916 in the full weekly issue with the Caginard-Latour paper on pg 905-906. This is the full weekly issue extracted from a larger bound volume. Very crisp and fresh. [++] "French Baron who studied the granules which compose yeast using a microscope. He discovered that the yeast has a globular form and, when he observed it budding, concluded that it was probably organic. In "Mémoir sur la fermentation vineuse," he argued that fermentation resulted from organic activity of yeast, with oxygen necessary to start the process which then could continue anaerobically. Cagniard-Latour's investigation of the activity of yeast and observation that different yeasts produced different alcohols provided an inkling of the germ theory to be developed by Pasteur. Latour's views on fermentation were mercilessly ridiculed by Justus von Liebig and Wöhler, despite the fact that they were later confirmed to be correct.--Wolfram
Gluge, Gottlieb. Two Papers. Early Cancer Research
Gluge, Gottlieb. Two papers in cancer research. (1) "Recherches sur le fluide contenu dans les cancers encéphaloïdes" in "Comptes Rendus de l'Academies des Sciences.", 1837, 2 Janvier 1837, Paris, Bachelier, volume IV no. 1, pp 1-32 with the Gluge on pp 20-21. (2) "Recherches microscopiques sur les changements pathologiques qu'apportent, dans la structure du cerveau, la congestion, l'apoplexie et le ramollissement" page 703 in the full weekly issue of pp 659-714, vol 4 no. 19. [++] Both issues are removed from a larger bound volume and are crisp and fresh. [++] "Gluge was one of the first physicians who examined microscopically the diseased tissues of the body, in this way seeking to gain knowledge of the primary causes of maladies, and thus to ascertain the correct course of treatment. He discovered a curious parasite in the stickleback, to which the name Glugea microspora has been given. He contributed to the leading medical journals of Germany, France, and Belgium."--Wikipedia
Perrin, Joliot, Elsasser, Thibaud.
Perrin, Joliot, Elsasser, Thibaud. Papers on the Photon and Neutron, in four issues of the Comptes Rendus, volume 197 1933, including numbers 13, 20, 21, 25. All extracts from the Comptes Rendus.des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 1933, volume 197, Paris, Gauthier Villars, Complete issues. GOOD copies (scoring 5/10), with an old vertical fold in the center of the issues. [++] Contains: (1) PERRIN, Francis. "Possibilite de materialisation par interaction d'un photon et d'un electron" 13 November 1933, vol pp 1100-1102, vol 197 no. 20, issue pp 1073-1162. [++] WITH: (2) Francis Perrin. "Materialisation d'electrons lors du choc de deux electrons" pp 1302-1304, 27 November 1933, in the issue of pp 1257-1368 vol 197 no. 21. [++] WITH: (3) F. JOLIOT, "Preuves expérimentales de l'annihilation des électrons positifs" pp 1622-1624. Francis PERRIN. "Possibilite d'emission de particules neutre de masse intrinseque nulle dan les radioactivites [beta]" pp 1625-1627. ELSASSER, Walter and R. Guggenheimer. "Sur les anomalies dans les proportionales elements et sur l'origine des corps radioactifs" pp 1627-1629. Jean THIBAUD, "L'annihilation des positrons au contact de la matier et la radiation, qui en resulte" pp 1629-1632. 1933, volume 197, issue 25; 18 December 1933. (1545)-1704. With the original front wrapper (though the wrapper is detached). [++] WITH: (4) Jean PERRIN. "Remarques au sujet des neutrons" pp 628-631, 25 September 1933.
POISSON, Simeon-Denis.
POISSON, Simeon-Denis. "Mémoire sur les températures de la partie solide du globe, de l'atmosphère, et du lieu de l'espace où la terre se trouve actuellement." Paris, Bachelier, 1837, in: "Comptes Rendus.de L'Academie des Sciences", vol IV, No 5, including pp 137-188 in the entire issue, with the Poisson paper on pp. 137-166. Very crisp, fresh copy, extracted from a larger bound volume.
DESTOUCHES, Jean-Louis.
DESTOUCHES, Jean-Louis. "Les Principes d'une Mecanique Generale," 10 July 1933, pp 120-122 in the issue pp 101-204. DESTOUCHES, Jean-Louis. "Les principes de la Mecanique ondulatoire generale et les connexions entres les diverses Mecanique abstraits" 28 August 1933, no. 9, pp 541-604, with the paper on pp 542-544. Both in: "Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, Gauthier-Villars; both offered in the full weekly issues, extracted from a larger bound volume. [++] "À partir de 1929, il suit les cours dÉmile Borel, Jean Perrin, Marie Curie, Irène Joliot-Curie, et surtout Louis de Broglie. Sa thèse de doctorat, soutenue en 1933, porte sur les théories de la « superquantification » (connues de nos jours sous le nom de théories de la « seconde quantification »). Chargé de recherche CNRS en 1936, il entame une réflexion sur les fondements de la physique. Il entreprend entre 1938 et 1942 de reconstruire la théorie quantique comme branche dune « théorie générale de la prévision ». Il démontre que si la mécanique quantique utilise une fonction d'onde Ψ, et une équation d'onde (l'équation de Schrödinger), ce n'est pas forcément parce qu'elle décrit des ondes réelles associées aux corpuscules. Cela peut être seulement parce qu'elle porte sur des résultats d'expérience ne pouvant pas être rendus indépendants de l'ordre des mesures, et que les prévisions probabilistes qui portent sur ce genre de résultats ont nécessairement une forme ondulatoire."--Wikidata
POISSON, Simeon-Denis.
POISSON, Simeon-Denis. "Mémoire sur les températures de la partie solide du globe, de l'atmosphère, et du lieu de l'espace où la terre se trouve actuellement." Paris, Bachelier, 1837, in: "Comptes Rendus.de L'Academie des Sciences", vol IV, No 5, including pp 137-188 in the entire issue, with the Poisson paper on pp. 137-166. Very crisp, fresh copy, extracted from a larger bound volume.
POUILLET, Claude.
POUILLET, Claude. "Mémoire sur la Pile de Volta et sur la loi générale de l'intensité que prennant les courants, soit qu'ils proviennent d'un seul élément, soit qu'ils proviennent d'une pile à grande ou à petite tension." Paris, Bachelier, 1837. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires.de l'Academie des Sciences", vol IV, no. 8. pp. 259-300 in the full issue (extracted cleanly from a larger bound volume) with the Pouillet paper on pp. 267-279. [Title translated: Memoir on the Voltaic pile [i.e., battery] and on the general law of the intensity that currents assume, whether they come from a single element or they come from a pile of high or low voltage]. [++] The Pouillet effect was named after the phenomenon that he published in 1822 on the heat produced by the wetting of dry sand. He developed a pyrheliometer and made, between 1837 and 1838, the first quantitative measurements of the solar constant. His estimate was 1228 W/m2, very close to the current estimate of 1367 W/m2. Using the Dulong-Petit law inappropriately, he estimated the temperature of the Sun's surface to be around 1800 °C. This value was corrected in 1879 to 5430 °C by Joef Stefan (18351893). He published work on optics, electricity, magnetism, meteorology, photography and photometry. In the field of optics he conducted investigations of diffraction phenomena. In his studies of electricity, he designed sine and tangent galvanometers. Pouillet developed and corrected Joseph Fourier's work on the surface temperature of the earth, developing the first real mathematical treatment of the greenhouse effect. He speculated that water vapour and carbon dioxide might trap infrared radiation in the atmosphere, warming the earth enough to support plant and animal life."--Wikipedia
Stanley Milgram, 2 associated items.
Stanley Milgram, 2 associated items on the Obedience to Authority. (1) "Behavioral Study of Obedience," in "Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology." volume 67 No. 4, October 1963, pp. 371-378, in the issue of pp 307-408pp. Original wrappers. VG copy, with the name of the original owner's name in red ink at top of the issue, as well as a red mark identifying the Milgram. (2) "Obedience to Authority, An Experimental View by Stanley Milgram" published by Tavistok (UK) 1974. First edition. Cloth, in a very good dustjacket. Xvi, 224pp, 255x190mm. Fine copy. Both are housed in a new, custom, folding clamshell box. [++]"Stanley Milgram (1933 1984) was an American social psychologist, best known for his controversial experiments on obedience conducted in the 1960s during his professorship at Yale. Milgram was influenced by the events of the Holocaust, especially the trial of Adolf Eichmann, in developing the experiment. After earning a Ph.D. in social psychology from Harvard University, he taught at Yale, Harvard, and then for most of his career as a professor at the City University of New York Graduate Center, until his death in 1984. He is widely regarded as one of the most important figures in the history of social psychology. "A Review of General Psychology" survey, published in 2002, ranked Milgram as the 46th-most-cited psychologist of the 20th century."--Wikipedia And in a synopsis of the big experiment, Moti Nissani in "American Psychologist" summarizes as follows: "In Milgram's basic paradigm, a subject walks into a laboratory believing that they are about to take part in a study of memory and learning. After being assigned the role of a teacher, the subject is asked to teach word associations to a fellow subject (who in reality is a collaborator of the experimenter). The teaching method, however, is unconventional administering increasingly higher electric shocks to the learner. Once the presumed shock level reaches a certain point, the subject is thrown into a conflict. On the one hand, the strapped learner demands to be set free, he appears to suffer pain, and going all the way may pose a risk to his health. On the other hand, the experimenter, if asked, insists that the experiment is not as unhealthy as it appears to be, and that the teacher must go on. In sharp contrast to the expectations of professionals and laymen alike, some 65% of all subjects continue to administer shocks up to the very highest levels."--Nissani, Moti (1990). "A cognitive reinterpretation of Stanley Milgram's observations on obedience to authority" in "American Psychologist" 45 (12): 1384 1385.
EWING, James Alfred and E.T. Whittaker.
EWING, James Alfred. "On Models of Ferromagnetic Induction", and E.T. Whittaker "On the Quantum Mechanism in the Atom" in "Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh," Edinburgh, Neill and Company, 1923, vol 42, 1921-1922; vii, 462pp, with the Ewing on pp 97-128 and the Whittaker on pp 129-142. Provenance: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Library, and then the Library of Congress. Heavy buckram binding of the period. Very sturdy. There are three calf labels on the spine, with the black middle label (identifying the year) is half scraped away; there are a few other internal rubberstamps on the interior, otherwise a nice copy. Good/VG copy, sturdy and crisp. [++] In this paper "Ewing's molecular theory explained: The saturation point of magnetization. The molecular theory explains why each piece of a magnet cut into a number of pieces has a north and south pole, that is, each piece, however small, is a complete magnet. It also explains how the magnet loses its magnetic properties.'--Wikipedia [++] Whittaker: "A brief description is given of the mechanism of Prof. E. T. Whittaker which compels all exchanges between the kinetic energy of electrons and radiant energy to conform to the quantum condition. A modified form of the mechanism is suggested, consisting of two magnetons, or two ring electrons, placed near together with their planes parallel. It is pointed out that the quantum mechanism gives the law of force postulated by Langmuir in his model of a static atom, which leads to results identical with those obtained from the circular orbits of Bohr's theory."--abstract from ResearchGate.
JEFFREYS, Harold [Albert Einstein]
JEFFREYS, Harold [Albert Einstein] On the Crucial Test of Einstein s Theory of Gravitation in the "Monthly Notices of "The Royal Astronomical Society", 1919-1920, volume 80, 812pp (plus pp 157-168, additional 793-808, 8pp) with the Jeffreys on pp. 138 154, (1919). [++] Ex-library copy with a number of stamps, including plastic call number stamp on spine, large library rubberstamp on textblock ends, rubberstamps on free endpapers, plus a borrower card pcoket at rear. That said the binding is very sturdy and the text is fresh and crisp. Except for the library stamps, a VG copy. [++] "In 1915, Einstein used the field equations of general relativity to explain Mercury s perihelion precession and published these results in a paper titled Erklärung der Perihelbewegung des Merkur aus der allgemeinen Relativitatstheorie . Scientists were skeptical of Einstein s explanation until the mathematician Harold Jeffreys (1891 1989), one of the early doubters of general relativity, completed an exhaustive analysis of possible causes of the perihelion of Mercury and concluded that general relativity is the only theory that could explain it. He published his studies and conclusion in [the paper offered here]". --History of Physics the Wenner Collection.
Albert Einstein and Wander de Haas
Albert Einstein and Wander de Haas, Experimenteller Nachweis der Ampèreschen Molekularströme in: "Berichte der Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft," Braunschweig, Vieweg & Sohn, volume 17, vi, 488 and bound with "Halbmonatliches Literaturverzeichnis der Fortschritte der Physik, Braunschweig, Viewweg & Sohn, 1915, 382pp. [++] Bound in contemporary half-cloth and marbled boards. Nice copy, ex-library. There are no external marks though there are a few rubber stamps of the library on the pastedowns and title page, per usual. [++] The Einstein/de Haas paper ( Experimental Proof of Ampère s Molecular Currents ) occupies pp. 152 170. There are two further additions to this paper, including a short "correction" by Einstein on page 203 and a short comment by Einstein and de Haas on page 420. [++] "The Einstein de Haas effect (also called the Richardson effect) is the axial rotation of a rod of magnetic material when a magnetic field is applied parallel to its axis. The rotation is caused by the microscopic circular motions of electric charges resulting from the angular momentum of the spin of electrons. This effect was first observed by André-Marie Ampère, and Sir Owen Willans Richardson (1879 1959) first described it in depth. German physicist Albert Einstein (1879 1955) and Dutch physicist Wander de Haas (1878 1960) conducted an experiment that demonstrated the effect. The effect was later used by Niels Henrik David Bohr (1885 1962), as evidence supporting his theory that electrons orbit within an atom without radiating energy."--Physics History the Wenner Collection.
Lockyer, Haig, Herschel.
Captain C. T. Haig, "Account of spectroscopic observations of the eclipse of the sun, August 18th, 1868;" Norman Lockyer, "Notice of an Observation of the Spectrum of a Solar Prominence;" John Herschel, "Account of the solar eclipse of 1868, as seen at Jamkandi in the Bombay Presidency;" all in "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London", London, Taylor & Francis, 1869, (covering June 1868-June 1869) volume 17; xii, 526,lxxxviiipp, with the papers appearing on pp. 74-80, 91-92 and 104-120, respectively. [++] Bound in a period cloth with an interesting spine design. Nice copy, though there is a short tear in the middle of the rear hings that is about one inch long. VG otherwise. [++] The discovery but not the identification of helium is reported in these papers as they appeared in the "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London"--well these, plus the work of Pierre Jules Cesar Janssen who would share the priority of discovery with Lockyer; and all of this was made possible by the fabulous and sort of magical invention of the spectroscope less than a decade earlier. In any event these papers made the observations of the questionable lines including the famous bright yellow one (that didn't correspond to any known element) that were identified as "helium" in 1869.
Pre-History of Television BRAUN, Ferdinand (1850-1918). "Uber ein Verfahren zur Demonstration und zum Studium des zeitlichen Verlaufes variabler Ströme" in "Annalen der Physik und Chemie" 1897, Leipzig, Johannes Barth, volume 60, pp 401-576, 2 folding plates. Braun's paper: pp. 552-559, with text illustrations, one of which shows the deep progenator of the television, the Braun tube, establishing a function upon which the television operatesit is also the first paper by Braun describing the operation of the tube. [++] "In 1874 Braun published th results of his research on mineral metal sulfides. He found that these crystals conducted electric currents in only one direction. This information was important in electrical research and in measuring another property of substances, the electrical conductivity, but Brauns discovery did not have immediate practical application. In the early twentieth century the principle that Braun had discovered was employed in crystal radio receivers. The first oscilloscope, or Braun tube, was introduced in 1897. In order to study highfrequency alternating currents Braun used the alternating voltage to move the electron beam within the cathode tube. The trace on the face of the cathode tube represented the amplitude and frequency of the alternatingcurrent voltage. He then produced a graph of this trace by use of a rotating mirror. The Braun tube was a valuable laboratory instrument, and modifications of it are a basic device in electronic testing and research. The principle of the Braun tube, moving an electron beam by means of alternating voltage, is the principle on which all television tubes operate."--Complete DSB online. [++] Braun shared the Nobel Prize for 1909 with Marconi "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy." [++] AND three papers by Ludwig BOLTZMAN: "Uber die Unentbehrlickeit uber der Atomistik in der Naturissenschaft." pp. 231-247; plus "Zu Hrn. Zermelo's Abhandlung 'Uber die mechanische Erklarung irreversibler Vorgange'" pp 392-398; and "Uber Rotattionen im constantan electrischen Felde", pp 399-400. And much more, with papers by P. Drude, H. Tallqvist, F. Kohrausch, W. Vogt, J.J. Balmer, E. Goldstein, M. Planck, W. Nernst, and others.
BOYS, C. Vernon. Two papers on his integraph. (1) "On Integrating and Other Apparatus for the Measurement if Mechanical and Electrical Forces" and (2) "Apparatus for Calculating Efficiency" both in "The.Philosophical Magazine", London, 1882, series 5, volume 13, numbers 79 & 80, February and March 1882. Paper 1 occupies pp 77-95 with two plates of the instrument (pp 77-152 in the issue); Paper 2 occupies pp 192-9 (pp 152-228 in the issue) with one plate illlustrating the instrument. [++] Both issues are extracted from a larger bound volume and are complete in themselves, though the spines are a little rough. GOOD copies. [++] "Integraph, mathematical instrument for plotting the integral of a graphically defined function. Two such instruments were invented independently about 1880 by the British physicist Sir Charles Vernon Boys and the Lithuanian mathematician Bruno Abdank Abakanowicz and were later modified and improved by others. The integraph draws the graph of the integral as the user traces the graph of the given function."--Britannica [++] "Mr. C. Vernon Boys has exhibited and described a very ingenious new integrating machine of his invention, and its application as a measurer of the electric energy in the circuit of an electric lamp or a dynamo-electric motor. Mr. Boys' mechanical integrator belongs to the class termed tangent machines, and consists essentially of a small disc or wheel running along the surface of a drum or cylinder. When the wheel runs straight along the drum parallel to its axis there is no rotation of the latter, but when the wheel is inclined to the axis the drum rotates, and the integral is represented by the amount of rotation. Continuous action is secured in giving the drum a reciprocating motion along its axis, so that when the wheel has traveled to one end of the cylinder it can travel back again. The new integrator is especially adapted for measuring forces which are either delicate or variable. It is applied by causing the varying force to be measured to vary in a corresponding manner the inclination of the wheel to the axis of the rotating cylinder"--From Gaston Tissandier's Popular Scientific Recreations (1883) [++] "Sir Charles Vernon Boys. (15 March 1855 30 March 1944) was a British physicist, known for his careful and innovative experimental work in the fields of thermodynamics and high-speed photography, and as a popular science communicator through his books, inventions, and his public lectures for children. As a student at the School of Mines he invented a mechanical device (which he called the "integraph") for plotting the integral of a function. Wikipedia [Boys] [++] This device was first described by Boys a year earlier in the same Phil Mag (1881). [++] "The input to the integraph is a tracing point that is the guiding point that traces the differential curve. The output is defined by the path a disk that rolls along the paper without slipping takes. The mechanism sets the angle of the output disk based on the position of the input curve: if the input is zero, the disk is angled to roll straight, parallel to the x axis on the Cartesian plane. If the input is above zero the disk is angled slightly toward the positive y direction, such that the y value of its position increases as it rolls in that direction. If the input is below zero, the disk is angled the other way such that its y position decreases as it rolls"--Wikipedia [integraph].
John TYNDALL, [two-part paper] "Action of Free Molecules on Radiant Heat, and the Conversion thereby into Sound" pp 435-462 (this being part one of the paper). OFFERED WITH: issue of July 1882 with the continuation and completion of the Tyndall paper on pp 448-526. CLAUSIUS, R. "On the different Systems of Measures for Electric and Magnetic Quantities", pp 381-398. THOMPSON, S.P. "On the Function of the two Ears in the Perception of Space" June 1882, No. 83, pp. 406-416. Offered in the "Philosophical Magazine", June 1882, fifth series, vol 13, no. 83, pp 381-486 in the issue. These issues are extracted from a larger bound volume, with a bit of roughness on the spine. GOOD copy.
