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DISCURSO E ICONOGRAFÍA GUADALUPANA EN LA NUEVA ESPAÑA. UN FESTIJO DEL SIGLO XVIII EN ZACATECAS

Fernández Larralde, Margarita María 342p., color plates, tables, bibl., wrps. Margarita Fernández addresses the multifaceted cultural spectacle of eighteenth-century New Spain from a celebration dedicated to the Virgin of Guadalupe in Zacatecas. The reason for this dazzling festival is the appointment of the Virgin of Guadalupe as Patroness of New Spain from Rome, by Pope Benedict XIV. The investigation is divided into four chapters, which show the panorama progressively through the document of the Zacatecan celebration. The first chapter outlines a vision of what the eighteenth century meant in New Spain, based on the transition policies of monarchical power and the influence of the Baroque. She analyzes the panorama of cultural, commercial and social exchange between Europe and America and the social and religious structure of a stratified society. This first chapter, in turn, exposes the development of the Guadalupan cult, the expansion of devotion to the Guadalupana during the 18th century, and the main artistic manifestations that were generated at the time. The historical, geographical and social framework of the city of Zacatecas, its silver resources, its social groups and the fragile economic situation at the time of the celebration are also delimited. The second chapter begins with an approach to religious festivals and their modalities in New Spain, in relation to the theories of the festival as a universal cultural and social phenomenon. The analysis of the celebration in Zacatecas also begins, in terms of its structure, form and contents. The third chapter addresses the topic of sacred oratory and devotes a space to the analysis of each sermon with emphasis on its formal structure, the ideas and contents around the image of Guadalupe and the thematic similarities and variants of the six sermons of the celebration. The literary beauty and scholarly knowledge go hand in hand with the genuine apostolic vocation of the clergyman and each of the five religious who participate in the celebration. Finally, the fourth chapter deals with the frequent references to the art of painting in the document, the situation in which New Spain painters found themselves, and the opportunity that the image of Guadalupe represents for artists to affirm the nobility of pictorial art. The ecphrastic discourse present in all the texts of the document of the celebration is analyzed, together with the theme of the iconography and iconology of the Virgin of Guadalupe, by relating the texts of the celebration with the constitutive elements of the original image and the various paintings made on dates close to the festival. The investigation contextualizes the celebration of Zacatecas in honor of the Virgin of Guadalupe in its fascinating artistic complexity. showing the splendor of the New Spanish Baroque arts and the religious, symbolic and identity power that the image of the Virgin of Tepeyac had achieved in Creole society and in a large part of the New Spanish population.
  • $45